Operation Ivy, the 1952 Thermo-Nuclear or “hydrogen” detonation (Part 2)
Operation Ivy was the eighth series of American nuclear tests, coming after Tumbler-Snapper and before Upshot-Knothole. The purpose of the tests was to help upgrade the U.S. arsenal of nuclear weapons, in response to the Soviet nuclear weapons program. The two explosions were staged in late 1952 at the Pacific Proving Ground in the Marshall Islands. In the film, President Eisenhower Warns of the Atomic Age. The first device, codenamed Mike, was notable for being the first successful test of a multi-megaton thermonuclear weapon design (the Teller-Ulam design), usually considered the world’s first hydrogen bomb test. It used liquid deuterium as its fusion fuel, kept cold with an expensive and cumbersome cryogenic system. Too unwieldy to be deployed as a weapon, it was built to demonstrate the power and possibility of using nuclear fusion as a principle for larger-yield nuclear weapons than previously possible. It was detonated on Elugelab Island in the Eniwetok atoll of the Marshall Islands. It yielded 10.4 megatons of explosive power, almost 500 times the power of the bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki. 8 megatons of the yield was from fast fission of the uranium tamper. The detonation obliterated Elugelab, leaving an underwater crater 6,240 ft (1.9 km) wide and 164 ft (50 m) deep where an island had once been. The second test, King, was a test of the largest nuclear weapon ever built at the time which utilized only nuclear fission as the source of its energy (it had none of its energy added from fusion or fusion boosting). It was dubbed the “Super Oralloy Bomb”, and was intended as a backup if the fusion weapon was a failure. It had a yield of 500 kilotons — substantially smaller than a hydrogen bomb but still 25-40 times more powerful than the weapons dropped during World War II.
